Novovirus and Acute diarrhea in small children

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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Having small children, who about to attend to a school regularly, as a parent you should know about acute diarrhea. however, before going through that topic, a disease, causing Thai children gastroenteritis and diarrhea are</span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">usually occurred by the gastrointestinal tract infection from Rotavirus, Norovirus or Enterotoxogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, etc. For that reason, this era parents should beware of norovirus-acute diarrhea in your children accordingly.</span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In this article has explained about the disease, approved by the Pediatric, specializing in Gastroenterology and Liver  disease at  Children&#8217;s Health Center, Phyathai 3 Hospital</span></div>
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<h2><span style="color: #4a7b8c; font-family: Verdana;">Where the Norovirus located </span></h2>
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<p><span style="font-family: Verdana;">This virus has the old name known as &#8220;Norwalk-like virus&#8221;, the leading cause of diarrhea for worldwide. This virus will enter to the body via the oral cavity by eating. Or drinking water contaminated with infection and contacted with contaminated areas: a spoon, plate or fingers. Due to spreading it can only cause gastritis and colitis. However, children will be having vomiting or diarrhea after being infected in 24-48 hours and resulting in severe dehydration. Therefore,  hospitalization is required.</span></p>
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<div class="paragraph"><span style="color: #4a7b8c; font-family: Verdana;">Symptoms </span></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">&#8211; Severe nausea and vomiting.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">&#8211; Abdominal pain; for physical examination, a specific area of the pain usually not being found. </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">&#8211; A low fever; Some may have a high fever at 38 to 39 degrees Celsius.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">&#8211; A headache, fatigue and body aches.</span></p>
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<h4><span style="color: #4a7b8c; font-family: Verdana;">Dangerous symptoms</span></h4>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">1. </span>Watery stools from diarrhea along with vomiting, being unable to intake food and leading to severe dehydration.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">2. </span><span lang="TH" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Bleeding during defecation </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">with a high fever.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">3. Watery stool or blood in the stool. There is a risk of infection in the bloodstream, including urine obstruction, restlessness, an unstable heart rhyme and having feet-hand- cold.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">4. Having abdominal pain while pressing on the stomach, also vomiting with bile. In this case, these diseases: appendicitis, intussusception<span lang="TH"> </span>and bowel obstruction, should be considered during detection.</span></p>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">These symptoms indicate that the child has severe symptoms such as dehydration. Besides consideration for other diseases and surgical procedure could be involved, including the cause of surgery, examined by a doctor or by an additional laboratory test and emergency treatment.</span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Diagnosis: Laboratory Examination by detecting a Norovirus in the stool, not a bacterial culture. However, still this procedure is not used in many hospitals.</span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Treatment: At the present, a specific medicine that help eliminating this virus is unavaliable. Accordingly, the treatment must be provided as palliative care. And most of the symptoms will be healed in 3-7 days.</span></div>
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<h4><span style="color: #4a7b8c; font-family: Verdana;"> Mild symptoms </span></h4>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">1.  O<span style="color: #404040;">ral rehydration salt or ORS providing;</span> sip drinking is required often in case of a patient having mild dehydration. However, the ORS is required for 30 &#8211; 90 ml per 1 kg according to body weight, also drinking little by little at least for 3 &#8211; 4 hours in order to compensate for a loss of water and minerals within the body.</span></div>
<p><span style="font-family: Verdana;">given to drink at least 3 &#8211; 4 hours in order to compensate for loss of water and minerals. And to prevent dehydration and mineral deficiency is to drink 10 ml of ORS referred to 1 kg of the body weight, everytime a patient has vomiting or diarrhea.</span></p>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">2. Do not intake too much of soft or bland, but often.</span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">3.  Medicine providing based on symptoms such as vomiting, or abdominal pain.</span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">4.   No antibiotics except in case of severe bacterial infections, for example, patients whose ages are younger than 6 months infected with nontyphoidal salmonella and those patients with impaired immunity.</span></div>
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<h4><span style="color: #4a7b8c; font-family: Verdana;">For severe cases and dehydration</span></h4>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">&#8211;   In cases of these symptoms: vomiting, severe diarrhea, eating disorder and dehydration, may cause a danger due to dehydration and mineral deficiency. Including low blood pressure and shock.However, for this case considered to send a patient to a hospital and receives intravenous catheterization with saline with a medical treatment based on symptoms closely.</span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Patients who risk of dehydration and require a special care :</span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">1. Patients whose ages are less than 6 months, including small kids young and elderly.</span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">2. People with various chronic diseases.</span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">3. Severe symptoms;  more than 4 times a day of vomiting and more than 8 times a day of <span style="color: inherit;">defecation.</span></span></div>
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<h4><span style="color: #4a7b8c; font-family: Verdana;">Protection</span></h4>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">&#8211; However, there is no vaccine for this case.</span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">&#8211;  Taking care of your hygienic, having cooked food, using a serving spoon including handwashing to reduce the infection and transmission of this disease.</span></div>
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Diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache or vomiting; parents should be aware of these, due to they can be a symptom of acute diarrhea by the norovirus that comes from food or what children put into the mou

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Novovirus and Acute diarrhea in small children

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