รู้ทันภาวะสมองขาดเลือด Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke occurs when the blood vessels in the brain, which supply blood, become blocked. This blockage prevents blood from reaching certain areas of the brain, causing brain cells to die and lose their ability to function. This leads to neurological symptoms such as paralysis, inability to move parts of the body, or communication difficulties. The symptoms depend on the area of the brain affected. In severe cases, ischemic stroke can result in disability or even death.
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<h2>Causes of Ischemic Stroke</h2>
The main cause of ischemic stroke is the inability of blood to reach the brain. This is typically due to two key factors:
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<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Narrowing of brain blood vessels: This is often caused by atherosclerosis, a condition where the arteries harden and narrow. It can result from aging or underlying health conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blood clots blocking the brain’s blood vessels: Clots may form due to irregular heartbeats (such as atrial fibrillation) and travel to the brain, blocking blood flow.</li>
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Additionally, ischemic stroke can be a temporary condition, known as a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). This is when brain function is briefly lost but can recover completely. However, if left untreated, a TIA can recur or lead to permanent brain damage, resulting in paralysis or even death.
Proper diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent worsening or long-term effects.
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<h2>Diagnosis of Ischemic Stroke</h2>
For diagnosing ischemic stroke, doctors use various methods to identify risk factors and determine the cause of the stroke. This helps guide appropriate treatment. The diagnostic process typically involves the following steps:
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<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Medical history: The doctor will ask about symptoms, underlying health conditions, past treatments, and family history of illnesses.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Physical examination: This includes testing brain function, such as assessing the strength of the arms and legs, speaking with the patient to evaluate cognition, and measuring blood pressure.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blood tests: These are done to check for risk factors such as high cholesterol, diabetes, and other underlying conditions.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Electrocardiogram (ECG): Since certain heart conditions can lead to blood clots that travel to the brain, an ECG may be performed to assess heart health.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Imaging tests:
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<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">CT Scan (Computed Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are used to detect any lesions or blockages in the brain that may have caused the stroke.</li>
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These diagnostic steps help doctors identify the type and cause of ischemic stroke and determine the most appropriate treatment approach.
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<h2>Can Ischemic Stroke Be Cured?</h2>
The treatment for ischemic stroke primarily depends on the patient&#8217;s symptoms and the severity of the condition. The main treatment method is the administration of clot-dissolving medication, which helps to reopen blocked blood vessels and restore blood flow to the brain. The effectiveness of this treatment is highest when given within 3 to 4.5 hours from the onset of symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial for patients to seek medical attention as soon as symptoms appear, allowing doctors enough time for diagnosis and to assess the possibility of using the medication.
If the clot-dissolving medication is administered promptly, it can significantly reduce the risk of disability and death. Additionally, medications may be prescribed to prevent the formation of future blood clots and reduce the likelihood of recurring strokes.
Moreover, newer treatment methods include mechanical thrombectomy, which involves inserting a catheter into the blood vessels to physically remove the clot, restoring blood flow to the brain. However, doctors will evaluate the patient&#8217;s symptoms and other factors before deciding on the most suitable treatment approach.
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<h2>Surgical Treatment for Cerebrovascular Disease</h2>
In cases where patients experience severe cerebrovascular symptoms, such as brain swelling, brain hemorrhage, or fluid accumulation in the brain ventricles, surgery may be necessary. With advancements in medical technology, modern surgical procedures are much safer and more effective, significantly improving patient outcomes. These surgeries not only help save lives and reduce disability but also allow for faster recovery compared to older surgical methods.
Surgical intervention can be crucial in managing these serious conditions, and with the current level of medical expertise, the risks associated with brain surgery have been greatly minimized, making it a viable option for improving the quality of life and overall prognosis for stroke patients.

Ischemic stroke occurs when the blood vessels in the brain, which supply blood, become blocked.

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