What should you do when you encounter an unconscious patient?

In our daily lives, we may have the opportunity to encounter unconscious patients at any time. When faced with this situation, it is important to know what to do and how to help them safely, as some people may feel hesitant or scared to take action. Therefore, let’s learn the proper steps and techniques together.

First, you need to check if the person is truly unconscious by calling out to them. Some individuals may be in a drowsy state, so it’s important to call the patient loudly and shake their shoulders. However, be extra cautious when dealing with patients who have experienced accidents, as this could worsen their injuries.

If the patient remains unconscious despite calling out and shaking them appropriately, it is crucial to assess their vital signs. If the patient has a good level of consciousness, it is advisable to promptly transport them to the nearest hospital for further evaluation and treatment. Changes in the level of consciousness can be caused by various factors, such as low blood sugar levels or increased intracranial pressure. Therefore, it’s important not to hesitate and quickly seek medical attention for the patient.

If calling out and shaking the patient appropriately didn’t elicit a response, check for a pulse by feeling for the carotid artery, located under the skin in the middle of the neck. If the patient has a pulse, immediately transport them to the nearest hospital for urgent evaluation of the cause of unconsciousness.

However, if the patient is pulseless, you need to perform basic life support immediately. Start by performing chest compressions in the center of the chest, approximately two inches deep, at a rate of 100 compressions per minute. If advanced life support measures are not available, alternate between 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths.

If there are other individuals present who haven’t performed basic life support, they should call for advanced medical help by dialing emergency services (1669) or the emergency number of the nearest hospital. It is recommended to call the hospital closest to the incident location.

While assisting the unconscious patient, never leave them alone. Importantly, do not provide food or water to the patient while they are unconscious, as it could cause choking and impact their respiratory system.

These are simple steps that can help you confidently, quickly, and accurately assist an unconscious patient. We can never predict when we will encounter such a situation, and one day it could be ourselves.

Emergency Department and Accident Unit
Phyathai Sriracha Hospital